Google has announced the launch of new job search aggregation technology. The new initiative will allow Google users to search for jobs either on mobile devices or personal computers, and to use a set of filters to obtain highly targeted results pulled from many different sites across the Web. Google aims to use its machine learning capabilities to make an immediate impact on people's lives. [More...]
Wednesday 28 June 2017
Cyberattackers Kick Down a Few Parliament Email Doors
The United Kingdom's Parliament on Monday reported a cyberattack on its email system over the weekend, when hackers attempted to access user accounts without authorization. Due to the "robust measures" in place to protect the legislative body's accounts and networks, fewer than 1 percent of the 9,000 accounts on the network were compromised, officials said. Accounts that were compromised reportedly had weak passwords. [More...]
வாட்ஸ்ஆப் ட்ரிக்ஸ் - இது அனைவருக்கும் தெரியனும்..!
எதுவும் முழுமையாக கற்றோர் இல்லை எனலாம், சிறிய விஷயமானாலும் அவைகளில் தெரியாத அம்சங்கள் ஒன்றேனும் இருக்க தான் செய்கின்றது. அந்த வகையில் வாட்ஸ்ஆப் செயலியை நீங்கள் தினமும் பயன்படுத்தினாலும் அவைகளில் உங்களுக்கு தெரிந்திராத சில அம்சங்களை தான் இங்கு தொகுத்திருக்கின்றோம்.வாட்ஸ்ஆப் செயலியில் உங்களுக்கு தெரிந்திராத சில அம்சங்களை பாருங்கள்..
எங்கள் செய்திகளை படிக்க க்ளிக் செய்யவும்.!
உங்க கற்பனையை ஊக்குவிக்கும் இலவச விண்டோஸ் செயலிகள்
சிறு வயதில் நம் கிரியேட்டிவிட்டியை சரியாக பயன்படுத்த எம்.எஸ். பெயிண்ட், பவர்பாயிண்ட் போன்ற செயலிகள் நம் கணினியில் கிடைத்தது. எனினும் அந்த காலத்தில் இதுபோன்ற செயலிகளின் எண்ணிக்கை மிகவும் குறைவு தான்.
Read more at: http://tamil.gizbot.com/apps/5-free-windows-app-to-stimulate-your-creativity-014506.html
Read more at: http://tamil.gizbot.com/apps/5-free-windows-app-to-stimulate-your-creativity-014506.html
ஸ்மார்ட்போனில் எந்தவித சாப்ட்வேர் உதவி இல்லாமல் யூடியூப் வீடியோவை டவுன்லோடு செய்வது எப்படி?
தற்போது பெரியவர்கள் முதல் சிறியவர்கள் வரை அனைவருமே ஸ்மார்ட்போனில் யூடியூப் வீடியோவை எளிமையாக பார்க்கின்றனர். மேலும் ஸ்மார்ட்போனில் யூடியூப் வீடியோவை டவுன்லோடு செய்வதற்க்கு பல சாப்ட்வேர் உதவிகள் தேவைப்படுகிறது, ஆனால் தற்போது அந்த நிலைமை மாறிவிட்டது.
எந்தவித சாப்ட்வேர் உதவி இல்லாமல் யூடியூப் வீடியோவை மிக எளிமையான வழிமுறையில் டவுன்செய்ய பல வழிமுறை உள்ளது, குறிப்பாக குறைந்த நேரத்தில் மிக அருமையாக யூடியூப் வீடியோவை டவுன்லோடு செய்யமுடியும். பின்வரும் வழிமுறைகளில் யூடியூப் வீடியோவை டவுன்லோடு செய்வது எப்படி எனப் பார்ப்போம். எங்கள் செய்திகளை படிக்க க்ளிக் செய்யவும்.!
Halcyon Days Ahead for Indian Telecom Market
CCS Insight Predicts Consolidation in India to Just Four Mobile Operators
Today, 27 June, global analyst firm CCS Insight announced the launch of its new report focused on the development of the Indian telecom industry.
The report — India: Halcyon Days Ahead in a Four-Operator Market — highlights the history, dynamism and consolidation of the Indian telecom market, revealing that:
- A total of 68 percent of leading telecoms executives surveyed predict that India will consolidate to a four-operator market
- Just over half of respondents to a CCS Insight survey think that Vodafone will still be operational in India in five years' time
- Market consolidation will be a positive outcome for network operators, consumers and manufacturers of infrastructure and handsets
India's population of more than 1.25 billion people represents an enormous market for mobile communications. It has attracted billions of dollars of investment from domestic and international companies over the past 20 years and, with the consolidation process in India now moving at a rapid pace, it has the potential to bring an end to two decades of market chaos.
The report is written by CCS Insight senior adviser Tony Worthington, the former Global Head of Telecoms, Media and Technology at Standard Chartered Bank. Tony has been involved in the Indian telecoms industry for over 20 years.
He notes that "the consolidation process in India is now well under way, and the main uncertainty seems to be whether the Ambani brothers — one of whom owns Reliance Communications, and one of whom owns Jio — will be able to live with a merger between the two companies. Most of the survey sample seems to think that, ultimately, they would".
CCS Insight CEO Shaun Collins adds, "This report provides some interesting thoughts for consumers, handset providers and mobile operators in India. Consolidation is a reality for operators across the globe and there's a history of instability in the Indian market, so we're excited to see the growth and evolution of this sector. CCS Insight looks forward to working with its valued clients in considering the future implications of consolidation in India, fuelled by the mergers of Vodafone and Idea Cellular, Reliance Communications and Aircel and by the ambitions of Jio".
Click on the infographic above for a larger version or click here for a PDF version.
Download a free copy of the report
To download a copy of the report, please click here.
About CCS Insight
CCS Insight is a global analyst company focussing on all aspects of the connected world spanning mobile operators, enterprise mobility, business IoT, multiplay strategies, smartphones, wearables, virtual and augmented reality, Internet players, semiconductors and more. It provides a comprehensive suite services that are tailored to meet the needs of its international clients. It helps them grow their businesses while navigating the ever-changing technology terrain.
For further information contact:
Sarah Wilson
Harvard PR
Tel: + 44 (0)20 7861 3933
E-mail: ccsinsight@harvard.co.uk / sarah.wilson@harvard.co.uk
Sarah Wilson
Harvard PR
Tel: + 44 (0)20 7861 3933
E-mail: ccsinsight@harvard.co.uk / sarah.wilson@harvard.co.uk
Tuesday 27 June 2017
Antennas, Aerials, & Propagation
- resources analysis and news about all elements of antenna technology or aerial technology along with summaries about radio propagation, and radio spectrum issues.
RF Combiners, Splitters and Hybrids
RF combiners, splitters, couplers and hybrids are a group of circuits and components that are used in many RF applications to split, combine or sample RF power in circuits. Being similar in nature, they are often linked together in explanations or within similar areas within manufacturers catalogues.
Coupler, splitter, combiner, hybrid definitions
The terms RF combiners, splitters, couplers and hybrids refer to slightly different items. Each item is used in RF design and all are important to the RF designer.
- RF combiner: An RF combiner is used to combine RF from a number of different sources. This is achieved while maintaining the characteristic impedance of the system. Dependent upon the type of combiner it may introduce additional loss by using resistors, or it may be use transformers in which case it could in theory be lossless.
RF combiners can be used in a number of different applications. They are used for sending several signals along a single feeder, and they may also be used for circuits where several RF signals need to be brought together. - RF splitter: An RF splitter is the reverse of a combiner - in fact splitters and combiners utilise exactly the same circuits - the inputs for one form the outputs for the other. As the signal is split a number of ways, there is an associated reduction in signal level between the input and the output dependent upon the number of outputs for which the signal is shared.
- RF hybrid: A number of circuits are referred to as hybrids. RF hybrids are based on transformers, and as such RF splitters or RF combiners may be referred to as hybrids when they use transformer technology.
- RF coupler: Directional couplers have many similarities with splitters. They are often used to sample signals and they may have directional properties. Rather than being based upon transformer technology they use capacitive coupling to achieve their aims.
- Source:Radioelectronics
Cellular / Mobile Backhaul
In any telecommunications network, the backhaul portion of the network is formed of the links between the core network and the small outlying sub-networks at the edge.
Typically for a mobile network the backhaul elements are used to transfer data from the base stations or Node Bs or eNode Bs into the central areas of the overall network.
As networks carry more data, the mobile backhaul or cellular backhaul elements form an increasingly important part of the overall cellular system
5G Mobile Wireless Technology
With the 4G telecommunications systems now starting to be deployed, eyes are looking towards the development of 5th generation or 5G technology and services.
Although the deployment of any wireless or cellular system takes many years, development of the 5G technology systems is being investigated. The new 5G technologies will need to be chosen developed and perfected to enable timely and reliable deployment.
The new 5th generation, 5G technology for cellular systems will probably start to come to fruition around 2020 with deployment following on afterwards.
source:Radioelectronics
LTE CA: Carrier Aggregation Tutorial
LTE Advanced offers considerably higher data rates than even the initial releases of LTE. While the spectrum usage efficiency has been improved, this alone cannot provide the required data rates that are being headlined for 4G LTE Advanced.
To achieve these very high data rates it is necessary to increase the transmission bandwidths over those that can be supported by a single carrier or channel. The method being proposed is termed carrier aggregation, CA, or sometimes channel aggregation. Using LTE Advanced carrier aggregation, it is possible to utilise more than one carrier and in this way increase the overall transmission bandwidth.
These channels or carriers may be in contiguous elements of the spectrum, or they may be in different bands.
Spectrum availability is a key issue for 4G LTE. In many areas only small bands are available, often as small as 10 MHz. As a result carrier aggregation over more than one band is contained within the specification, although it does present some technical challenges.
Carrier aggregation is supported by both formats of LTE, namely the FDD and TDD variants. This ensures that both FDD LTE and TDD LTE are able to meet the high data throughput requirements placed upon them.
LTE carrier aggregation basics
The target figures for data throughput in the downlink is 1 Gbps for 4G LTE Advanced. Even with the improvements in spectral efficiency it is not possible to provide the required headline data throughput rates within the maximum 20 MHz channel. The only way to achieve the higher data rates is to increase the overall bandwidth used. IMT Advanced sets the upper limit at 100 MHz, but with an expectation of 40 MHz being used for minimum performance. For the future it is possible the top limit of 100 MHz could be extended.
It is well understood that spectrum is a valuable commodity, and it takes time to re-assign it from one use to another in view - the cost of forcing users to move is huge as new equipment needs to be bought. Accordingly as sections of the spectrum fall out of use, they can be re-assigned. This leads to significant levels of fragmentation.
To an LTE terminal, each component carrier appears as an LTE carrier, while an LTE-Advanced terminal can exploit the total aggregated bandwidth.
source:Radioelectronics.com
Thursday 22 June 2017
Easy-to-use single-chip UWB radar developer platform
UWB, ultrawideband, was once forecast to be used for a huge variety of applications. Nowadays the hype has gone and it is being used for a number of real applications. One of the major uses is within short range radars. One such system developed and manufactured by Novelda, a smart sensors company is called XeThru.
The XeThru UWB radar system can be used for a host of applications from off-body breathing sensors, to assisted living monitors, baby alarms, security alarms and many more.
One issue that many smart sensor and similar developers have is that they do not have the expertise in the areas of UWB radar and also in some of the specialist processing areas. To overcome this, Novelda, has launched its XeThru Developer Platform based on its second-generation X4 ultra-wideband impulse radar system-on-chip, SoC.
With this technology, OEMs and system developers can easily implement sophisticated sensors that can detect small movements, determine presence and room occupancy, and monitor respiration and other human vital signs with unprecedented accuracy and discrimination.
Supporting various host environments, such as MATLAB, Python, C++ and C, the XeThru platform provides everything developers need to rapidly start prototyping their radar application designs. The hardware bundles an X4 SoC with an MCU board and a PCB antenna, while communications software provides an API layer that enables access to the full functionality of the SoC, and open source reference code allows the use of digital signal processing libraries to extend system performance.
Integrated into a single chip, the X4 UWB impulse radar SoC combines a transmitter, which can operate at centre frequencies of either 7.29 GHz or 8.748 GHz for unlicensed operation in worldwide markets, with a direct RF sampling receiver and a fully programmable system controller.
The X4 SoC delivers some key performance improvements over the previous design: its frame size is now configurable for different applications and the range, for simultaneous observation, has been increased from 1m to 10m, making it 10x faster and much more suitable for presence detection; its on-chip advanced power management functions enable low-power duty cycle control and dramatically reducing power dissipation; and its higher level of integration reduces external component BOM costs by more than 50%.
Intended specifically to aid the development of sensors based on UWB radar technology, the components of the XeThru Developer Platform include:
- X4M03 Radar System - three interconnecting circuit boards that provide all the hardware required to prototype a target application - the X4SIP02 radar subsystem (the X4 chip mounted on a small daughter board), the X4A02 antenna board, and the XTMCU02 MCU board.
- XeThru Module Connector – a software suite allowing easy access to all X4M03 resources and streaming data through an API. XeThru Module Connector is distributed as a DLL / Shared Object and runs on WIN / Linux / MAC operating systems. The API is supported by Matlab, Python and C++/C.
- XeThru Embedded Platform - open source reference code, supplied as an Atmel Studio 7 project, that will run on the X4M03 and allow developers to implement their own radar module firmware, taking advantage of an API layer that provides access to the full parameter control of the X4 SoC and the ability to process data using standard DSP libraries.
The X4 Impulse Radar SoC is the smallest UWB radar chip currently available in the market and offers ease-of-use and BOM cost advantages. As a UWB radar solution it has been optimized for occupancy and respiration sensing applications and provides sub-mm accuracy with a simultaneous observation range up to 10m.
Operating at below 10GHz allows it to see through obstacles and its ultra-high spatial resolution allows the detection of multiple objects. Specified for industrial temperature range applications from -40°C to +85°C, the chip includes advanced power management features to ensure low power consumption (typically < 120 mW).
The power transmission conforms to the UWB standards and in fact the signal level falls below the spurious emission levels of other standard fixed frequency transmissions. It can achieve this the wideband transmission power is spread over a wide frequency band.
The XeThru Developer Platform makes all the X4 SoC performance advantages available to anyone wanting to design advanced sensing solutions without the need to be an expert in radar or antenna design.
Flexar provides highly flexible multi-standard radio at #MWC17
AceAxis has launched its Flexar radio platform, which provides a highly flexible multi-standard remote radio unit, RRU.
The Flexar platform provides a fast time to market for companies developing their own LTE radio systems for a variety of applications.
The Flexar platform is able to accommodate both FDD and TDD duplex schemes at frequencies within the range 400MHz right up to 6GHz.
It can also support carrier aggregation up to four carriers, and MIMO up to 8x8. It is suitable for a number of applications from small cells to hardened industrial systems or transportation networks.
The platform has already been incorporated into the European Aviation Network, EAN. This network provides Wi-Fi connectivity on board commercial aircraft and will be launched in 2017 on a number of major airlines.
The Flexar RRU builds upon the proven experience from AceAxis. Over 100 000 AceAxis RRUs have been deployed over the past 5 years. The Flexar platform utilises this experience and provides open standards for interfaces allowing the ecosystem to be broadened out and for development companies to easily integrate the platform into their own systems.
Source:Radioelectronics
Architectural breakthrough for 5G wireless
Xilinx has announced a disruptive integration and architectural breakthrough for 5G wireless with the infusion of RF-class analog technology into its 16nm All Programmable MPSoCs.
These RFSoCs eliminate discrete data converters, providing 50-75% power and footprint reduction for 5G massive-MIMO and millimeter wave wireless backhaul applications.
Large scale 2D antenna array systems will be key to the increase in spectral efficiency and network densification needed for 5G. Manufacturers must find new ways to meet stringent requirements for commercial deployment. With the integration of high performance ADCs and DACs in an All Programmable SoC, radio and wireless backhaul units can now meet previously unattainable power and form factor requirements, while increasing channel density.
Additionally, RFSoC devices allow manufactures to streamline design and development cycles to meet 5G deployment timelines.
The integrated 16nm-based RF data conversion technology includes:
- Direct RF sampling for simplified analog design, greater accuracy, smaller form factor, and lower power
- 12-bit ADCs at up to 4GSPS, high channel count, with digital down-conversion
- 14-bit DACs at up to 6.4GSPS, high channel count, with digital up conversion
“The shift to FinFET technology blends high integration density with improvements in analog device performance characteristics,” said Boris Murmann, Professor of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University. “This enables the integration of leading-edge analog/RF macros using a digitally assisted analog design approach.”
“The RFSoC solution from Xilinx is a game changer in the RRU/massive MIMO active antenna array market,” added Earl Lum, President, EJL Wireless Research. “It also allows the company to become the preferred digital solution provider to this market for current and next generation 4G, 4.5G and 5G wireless networks.”
“Integrating RF signal processing into All Programmable SoCs enables our customers to dramatically change their systems architectures. It also continues the Xilinx imperative for continuous, breakthroughs in system integration,” said Liam Madden, Corporate Vice President, FPGA Development and Silicon Technology at Xilinx. “This will effectively enable our 5G customers to commercially deploy highly differentiated, large-scale, massive-MIMO and millimeter-wave backhaul systems. Our new RFSoC architecture comes at the perfect time, addressing this urgent problem in 5G development.”
Source:Radioelectronics
Ultra-wideband mixer with integrated LO buffer unveiled
Analog Devices, which recently acquired Linear Technology, announces the LTC5553, a double balanced mixer providing excellent bandwidth capability from 3GHz to 20GHz.
The mixer can be used either as an up- or downconverter. In addition, the LTC5553 delivers outstanding linearity of 23.9dBm IIP3 at 14GHz, and 21.5dBm at 17GHz. The device integrates an LO buffer requiring only 0dBm input drive, effectively eliminating an external high power LO amplifier circuit. Moreover, the LTC5553 integrates wideband balun transformers on chip. So all ports operate single-ended, 50Ω matched over their respective specified frequency range. In addition, the mixer has excellent port-to-port isolation, offering –32dBm LO to RF leakage at 17GHz, thus easing external filtering requirements. All of these features result in minimum external components, simplified design and a very small solution size.
The LTC5553’s extremely wide bandwidth and performance is ideal for a wide range of applications including 5G microwave backhaul, broadband wireless services, satellite broadband radios, radar systems, active antenna arrays, X and Ku band transceivers, test equipment, spectrum analysis and satellite communications.
The LTC5553 is offered in a tiny 12-lead, 3mm x 2mm plastic QFN package. The device is rated for operation from –40°C to 105°C case temperature to support extended environmental operating temperature. The mixer is powered from a single 3.3V supply, drawing a quiescent supply current of 132mA. Additionally, the LTC5553 can be shut down via an enable pin. When deactivated, the device draws only 100μA maximum standby current. The enable pin can be driven directly to turn the device on and off rapidly in less than 0.2μs, supporting time-division duplex (TDD) or burst mode type transmitters and receivers.
Source:Radioelectronics
28GHz SDR targets 3GPP & Verizon 5G
National Instruments, NI has announced a series of 28 GHz radio heads for the mmWave Transceiver System. This combination creates a full transceiver that can transmit and/or receive wide-bandwidth signals of up to 2 GHz of bandwidth in real time, covering spectrum from 27.5 GHz to 29.5 GHz.
The mmWave Transceiver System software defined radio (SDR) and application-specific software offer a complete and comprehensive starting point for 5G measurement and research addressing both the 3GPP and Verizon 5G specifications.
The mmWave Transceiver System can operate as either an access point or user device in any over-the-air testing scenario. Users can also develop mmWave communication prototyping systems or perform channel measurements – necessary exercises for wireless researchers to understand the characteristics of a new spectrum – using the same system. The software works with the previously released radio heads for 71–76 GHz, so users can easily adapt their mmWave Transceiver System to 28 GHz by changing the RF radio heads.
Additionally, the mmWave Transceiver System baseband software delivers a complete communications physical layer compatible with the proposed 3GPP and Verizon 5G specifications as source code for LabVIEW system design software. This helps expedite system development by delivering a ready-to-run system that users can modify to adapt to their specific areas of research or testing.
“The new 28 GHz mmWave Transceiver System has been a key technology for many participants in our RF/Communications lead user program,” said James Kimery, director of RF research and SDR marketing at NI. “As the world allocates spectrum for 5G, 28 GHz has emerged as a leading candidate for several countries including the United States, South Korea, and Japan.”
Source:Radioelectronics
Broadband amplifiers with tunable transmission characteristics
New technologies and innovations such as eMobility, Internet of Things, 5G and satellite communications are driving markets, bringing about many new developments in the field of wireless communications, in particular RF components, RF subsystems and systems. The R&S BBA130 broadband amplifier family from Rohde & Schwarz addresses a wide range of tests during design and product validation.
The R&S BBA130 broadband amplifiers were designed for use in development, production and quality assurance and offer output powers from 22 W to 4200 W in the 80 MHz to 6 GHz frequency range. Thanks to their compact, modular design, the amplifiers can be optimally scaled and configured. This modular design also provide a secure investment with the option to add future power and frequency range upgrades.
Two control parameter settings are used to optimize the output signal from the amplifier: a continuously variable bias point between Class A and Class AB and the choice between maximum output power and high mismatch tolerance. The user can change the setting of both controls during operation, e.g. if the signal waveform changes or if different requirements are placed on the output signal while the test is running. Now only one amplifier is needed to measure a DUT's specified data and determine its load limits.
Varying the bias point for the transistors changes the output signal characteristics. A bias point in Class A yields very good linearity and good harmonic performance and is ideal for generating spectrally clean CW signals. A bias point in Class AB provides faithful reproduction of pulsed signals and improves the efficiency of the amplifier.
The modular design of the R&S BBA130 family enables flexible dual-band configurations with two different frequency ranges in one housing. Twin-band configurations with two identical amplifiers in one housing are also possible. With its compact dimensions, the R&S BBA130 family is optimized for maximum flexibility in a small footprint. An RF output power of up to 750 W below 1 GHz and up to 300 W above 1 GHz in just four height units demonstrates the amplifier family's excellent power density. The amplifiers can be combined into highly integrated systems with flexible frequency and power configurations.
With R&S BBA130 amplifiers, users can adjust the operating class, select between high output power and high mismatch tolerance, extend the frequency range and scale the output power. They are now available from Rohde & Schwarz in the frequency ranges from 80 MHz to 1.0 GHz, 0.69 GHz to 3.2 GHz and 2.5 GHz to 6.0 GHz with output power levels of 22 W to 4200 W.
Source:Radioelectronics
Widest bandwidth & lowest phase noise for high-speed systems
Texas Instruments has introduced an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and phase-locked loop (PLL) with an integrated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) that deliver the widest bandwidth, lowest phase noise and highest dynamic range available.
The wideband ADC12DJ3200 is the fastest 12-bit ADC, delivering speeds up to 6.4 GSPS. The LMX2594 is the industry’s first wideband PLL solution to generate frequencies of up to 15 GHz without using an internal frequency doubler.
High-density phased-array radar systems, 5G systems and satellite communications demand increased data throughput, higher bandwidth and lower power, all in smaller a footprint. A multi-node synchronization reference design demonstrates how the ADC12DJ3200 and LMX2594 provide accurate, time-stable synchronization for multi-node sampling systems including large-scale phased-array radars, digital storage oscilloscopes (DSOs) and 5G wireless testers. The reference design showcases the LMX2594’s SYSREF forwarding feature and the ADC12DJ3200’s aperture delay adjust, time stamp and calibration features to improve accuracy and ease system design.
Next-generation architectures can take advantage of the ADC12DJ3200 ADC with the following features and benefits:
- Widest signal bandwidth: Featuring the fastest sample rate of 6.4 GSPS at a 12-bit resolution –18 percent faster than competitive devices – the ADC12DJ3200 enables designers to capture the widest bandwidth possible to process more information instantaneously.
- Highest analog input-frequency range: With direct radio-frequency (RF) sampling up to 10 GHz covering the L-band, S-band and C-band and extending into the X-band, the ADC12DJ3200 enables simplified system architectures and provides enhanced frequency agility, while reducing filter complexity, in turn save board space and component count.
- Saves space: The 10-mm-by-10-mm device integrates an entire RF-to-bits receiver, reducing board space by up to 88 percent compared to competing solutions while enabling designers to reduce cost by simplifying the system architecture.
- Low power: Consuming as little as 3 W, the ADC provides twice the input frequency range at half the power of competing devices.
The LMX2594 RF PLL with VCO offers the following features and benefits to make it easier for engineers to design a high-frequency RF signal chain:
- Best noise performance: The LMX2594 features the lowest normalized PLL noise floor of -236 dBc/Hz and 1/f of -129 dBc/Hz, enabling designers to improve radio sensitivity and spectral resolution.
- Design simplicity: The integrated VCO operates at up to 15 GHz, eliminating the need for expensive, complex on-board filters to remove subharmonics. The LMX2594 also automatically generates a frequency ramp, eliminating up to five devices typically required to perform this function for radar applications and enabling compact solutions.
- Phase synchronization: System designers can easily synchronize the output of all on-board PLLs, saving design time for implementing multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO), beamforming in their applications.
- JESD204B support: The LMX2594 enables simultaneous generation of gigahertz frequency sampling and JESD204B SYSREF timing signals.
The new ADC and PLL with VCO expand TI’s portfolios of RF sampling data converters and wideband clock and timing devices. Complete a JESD204B-compliant design with the ADC12DJ3200 and LMX2594 to simplify clocking architecture, synchronization and data capture.
The ADC comes in a flip-chip ball-grid array (FCBGA) package. The LMX2594 is fully orderable and comes in a very thin quad flat no-lead (VQFN) package.
Source:Radioelectronics.com
Analog Devices & X-Microwave collaborate to simplify RF design
Analog Devices has announced that it has entered into a collaboration with X-Microwave LLC, a provider of RF and microwave modular blocks, to help designers more quickly and effectively evaluate RF components and prototype complete signal chains. As a first phase of the joint effort, X-Microwave will feature more than 250 ADI RF, microwave and millimeter-wave products as drop-in modular blocks.
Analog Devices offers the largest portfolio of more than 1,000 RF, microwave and millimeter-wave components, in addition to the software and support tools needed to help RF engineers develop complete signal chain solutions for their applications from DC to 100 GHz. X-Microwave’s innovative resources allow engineers to evaluate easily new RF components and build signal chains simply by arranging the “modular building blocks” and simulating the designed system with X-Microwave’s online tools. This is in contrast to traditional, cumbersome system development methods that require a designer to connect multiple evaluation boards using dozens of cables. Together, Analog Devices and X-Microwave enable system designers to access the industry’s most capable products in a simple evaluation and prototype format, easing their design process, shortening time to market and reducing development costs.
“We are delighted to partner with Analog Devices, the leader in RF, microwave and millimeter-wave technology,” said John Richardson, CEO of X-Microwave. “X-Microwave is committed to adding products and capabilities with the single purpose of optimizing the engineering design experience of our customers, and this collaboration with ADI does just that by providing designers with a simpler way to evaluate and use ADI's broad range of industry leading parts.”
“By adding X-Microwave to our design ecosystem we are further enhancing the 1000+ ways for our customers to develop quickly market-leading RF and microwave solutions,” said Greg Henderson, vice president, RF and Microwave Group, Analog Devices. “Analog Devices is committed to not just providing RF, microwave and millimeter-wave products, but also to simplifying the way designers build their applications. We believe the collaboration between ADI and X-Microwave will further simplify our customers’ design experience and time to market.”
Source:Radioelectronics
Online - RF and Wireless Propagation: Key Concepts
- Category:
- Radio engineering
- Training method:
- On-line
- Length:
- 30 mins
- Guide price:
- $25
- Location:
- Online
Details:
This online course covers the basics of RF and wireless propagation including important concepts such as reflection, diffraction and scattering. It addresses both free space and terrestrial propagation and includes an overview of RF link budgets including a sample calculation.
Radio propagation is a key topic for any radio engineer. It provides key knowledge about the way in which radio waves travel under different circumstances and on different frequencies. Knowing how they travel can help track down issues and problems as well as obtaining far more effective radio systems.
On completing this course, you can download a Certificate of Completion and display this certification on your public LinkedIn profile.
Electromagnetic waves and antenna basics
Radio signals are a form of electromagnetic wave, and as they are the way in which radio signals travel, they have a major bearing on RF antennas themselves and RF antenna design.
Electromagnetic waves are the same type of radiation as light, ultra-violet and infra red rays, differing from them in their wavelength and frequency. Electromagnetic waves have both electric and magnetic components that are inseparable. The planes of these fields are at right angles to one another and to the direction of motion of the wave.
An electromagnetic wave
The electric field results from the voltage changes occurring in the RF antenna which is radiating the signal, and the magnetic changes result from the current flow. It is also found that the lines of force in the electric field run along the same axis as the RF antenna, but spreading out as they move away from it. This electric field is measured in terms of the change of potential over a given distance, e.g. volts per metre, and this is known as the field strength. Similarly when an RF antenna receives a signal the magnetic changes cause a current flow, and the electric field changes cause the voltage changes on the antenna.
There are a number of properties of a wave. The first is its wavelength. This is the distance between a point on one wave to the identical point on the next. One of the most obvious points to choose is the peak as this can be easily identified although any point is acceptable.
Wavelength of an electromagnetic wave
The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave
The second property of the electromagnetic wave is its frequency. This is the number of times a particular point on the wave moves up and down in a given time (normally a second). The unit of frequency is the Hertz and it is equal to one cycle per second. This unit is named after the German scientist who discovered radio waves. The frequencies used in radio are usually very high. Accordingly the prefixes kilo, Mega, and Giga are often seen. 1 kHz is 1000 Hz, 1 MHz is a million Hertz, and 1 GHz is a thousand million Hertz i.e. 1000 MHz. Originally the unit of frequency was not given a name and cycles per second (c/s) were used. Some older books may show these units together with their prefixes: kc/s; Mc/s etc. for higher frequencies.
The third major property of the wave is its velocity. Radio waves travel at the same speed as light. For most practical purposes the speed is taken to be 300 000 000 metres per second although a more exact value is 299 792 500 metres per second.click here
Source:Radioelectronics.com
Cellular Base Station Installation & Maintenance Challenges
Up until relatively recently, much of the real radio equipment at a mobile or telco network cell tower was safely and conveniently stored in the cabinet on the ground or near to the base of the site. A coaxial cable connected the radio gear to the antennae at the top of the tower.
This meant that the installation crew, and particularly the cell tower riggers, could check the quality of the RF signal being received in the cabinet without the need to climb the tower.
Of course, plenty of the maintenance required at the tower would still involve a climb, especially if the check on the RF signal at ground level showed a fault, but a good number of checks could be carried out on the ground.
Today's maintenance challenges
Fast forward to today, and the situation is changing. Modern cell sites use a distributed architecture in which Baseband units (BBU) are either located at the foot of a tower or located at a remote distance at a BBU hub. In this case it is likely to serve not just the antennae at the top of that tower, but a chain of other towers as well. What’s more, at the top of each of those towers, close to the antenna array is the Remote Radio Head (RRH) which contains the actual radio equipment (RE).
To add to the complexity – but also improve signal quality – instead of traditional coax cable, fibre is frequently used to connect the RE equipment in the RRH to the other radio heads and to the REC gear at the BBU hub, serving the towers.
Today, riggers installing and checking the sites, often need to climb the towers with full pack of advanced technical test equipment, as well as the more physical tools of their trade – such as spanners, wrenches, hammers and multiple screwdrivers.
Recently we spoke to cell tower riggers in both the USA and the UK, looking to get a feeling for how difficult their jobs had become, and what companies like ours could do to make it better. In many ways, the riggers are the unsung heroes of the telecoms world, carrying out highly specialised tasks in often dangerous circumstances and challenging environmental conditions.
Each day, their role can involve a multitude of tasks such as installation, commissioning and decommissioning, dismantling and removal of equipment from great heights be they masts, towers, pylons or rooftops. They are also involved in the earthing, labelling, and testing of feeder cables and optical fiber; as well as the inspection and testing of Outdoor Units (ODUs), Indoor Units (IDUs), Splitters and the CPN testing and auditing of rigging installation. The list is endless.
Small wonder then that more than three-quarters of the riggers we spoke to said that they now needed between 20 and 50 per cent more time at each site to carry out the required maintenance work. What’s more, some 67 per cent of UK riggers believe their job is becoming more and more complex with almost half of the riggers adding that it has become both costly and dangerous to carry out testing at the top of a tower. Hardly surprising either that having lighter, and easier to carry equipment was high on the rigger’s wish list, alongside machines that could perform multiple tasks – preferably from the ground.click here
Source:http://www.radio-electronics.com/
New Strain of Linux Malware Could Get Serious
A new strain of malware targeting Linux systems, dubbed "Linux/Shishiga," could morph into a dangerous security threat.
Eset on Tuesday disclosed the threat, which represents a new Lua family unrelated to previously seen LuaBot malware.
Linux/Shishiga uses four different protocols -- SSH, Telnet, HTTP and BitTorrent -- and Lua scripts for modularity, wrote Detection Engineer Michal Malik and the Eset research team in an online post.
"Lua is a language of choice of APT makers," noted Nick Bilogorskiy, senior director of threat operations at Cyphort.
It has been used for Flame and, as Cyphort discovered, EvilBunny, he told LinuxInsider.click here for more
source:http://www.technewsworld.com/perl/section/tech-security/
Hacking and Linux Go Together Like 2 Keys in a Key Pair
Ever since taking an interest Linux, with the specific aim of better understanding and enhancing my personal digital security, I have been fascinated by hacker conferences. As soon as I learned of their existence, I made a point of keeping tabs on the major conferences so I could browse through the latest videos in their archive once each one wraps up.
I thought that was the closest I would get to such an event, but a couple of weeks ago, I had the chance to attend one for the first time: Chicago's THOTCON. While I'm definitely still swimming in all the experiences I had, I wanted to share a few of my observations and insights.
At this point I can practically hear you asking, "Wait, you said hacker conference? For security?" So, before I go on, I should explain a bit about the interrelationship between hacking and security.click here
source:http://www.technewsworld.com/perl/section/tech-security/
New Strain of Linux Malware Could Get Serious
As daunting as securing your Linux system might seem, one thing to remember is that every extra step makes a difference. It's almost always better to make a modest stride than let uncertainty keep you from starting.
Fortunately, there are a few basic techniques that greatly benefit users at all levels, and knowing how to securely wipe your hard drive in Linux is one of them. Because I adopted Linux primarily with security in mind, this is one of the first things I learned. Once you have absorbed this lesson, you will be able to part with your hard drives safely.
As you might have deduced, the usual way of deleting doesn't always cut it. The most often-used processes for deleting files -- clicking "delete" in the operating system or using the "rm" command -- are not secure.click here for more
source:http://www.technewsworld.com/perl/section/tech-security/
Consumer Services Sites More Trustworthy Than .Gov Sites
The Online Trust Alliance on Tuesday released its 2017 Online Trust Audit & Honor Roll.
Among its findings: Consumer services sites have the best combined security and privacy practices.
FDIC 100 banks and U.S. government sites are the least trustworthy, according to the audit.
The number of websites that qualified for the Honor Roll reached a nine-year high. However, the audit identified an alarming three-year trend: Increasingly, sites either take privacy and security seriously and do well in the audit, or they lag behind the industry significantly in one or more critical areas.click here for more
sorce:http://www.technewsworld.com/perl/section/tech-security/
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